Cucumber

Why Russell T. Davies ‘Queer As Folk’ for a new generation is way past its sell-by date.

I found the characters annoying and vapid; I found the non-starting storylines frustrating (remember episode one when that guy committed suicide because of Henry and it was never mentioned again, apart from when the grieving widow came in to the office to spout a load of homophobic slurs at Henry?); and I found the whole series had an unsavoury nastiness to it that was hard to shake off. Characters who had supposedly been friends for years talked to each other like they’d only just met. Actually that’s not quite it; they talk at each other. Where’s the warmth, the tenderness, the gaiety?

I watched the first five episodes assuming that everyone shared my frustrations, but then episode 6 was broadcast and suddenly the Internet was buzzing with people telling me I’d got it wrong. The episode was ‘harrowing’, ‘moving’, ‘a game-changer’. Apparently it had gotten good. I took a bit of comfort from that. I just needed to watch episode 6 and everything would click into place. Maybe I’d missed the point, and this would set the record straight.

Episodes 1-5 essentially lay the groundwork for that climactic moment. Structurally episode 6 creates a zinger of a turning point – a death usually does. Nothing will be the same for Henry, the main character now. But in an 8-episode run I’m wondering if this should perhaps have come a little earlier. We’ve had five episodes of build up, which comprises mainly of characters exploring the quirks of gay sexuality – mainly by talking about them, occasionally by acting them out – but never really exploring the consequences of their actions. Lance’s murder offers us the chance to look at his behaviour and empathise. We ask ourselves what we would do in his situation, whether we would make the same choices as he did. That’s what audiences want, and that’s why the event got such a huge reaction on social media. But if that’s what good drama is then every episode should have moments like this, moments when we can see past the surface and into the true heart of the characters, and ask questions of ourselves in the process.

So, back to the series so far..In episode 1 Henry and Lance go their separate ways romantically, and then barely speak to each other for the rest of the series. We find out how they individually cope with singledom, but there’s no sense of what’s been lost in becoming single. They just… Move on. Until episode 5. That’s a lot of time to spend on their infatuations and not much time on the relationship supposedly at the heart of the series.

Russell T. Davies has said in interviews that it took a lot of courage to kill off his character… That it was something he’d always wanted to do, but that it was hard. To me that speaks volumes, not about writing the murder itself, but about the rest of the series.

A writer needs to give his characters a hard time, to challenge them in both big sequences like this, and in smaller ones leading up to and following it. If a character isn’t challenged, the audience won’t care. Up to this point Davies has been playing it safe. In one episode Henry’s sister discovers that her brother has essentially been pimping out her son on YouTube. She’s a bit angry, but then she just… forgives him and asks if he’s OK. A big relief for Henry; not so juicy for us. This is why I have a problem with Henry. None of the potentially devastating events in his life (losing his job, losing his boyfriend, losing his home…) seemed to affect him, at least not profoundly. I didn’t warm to him because of that. If he doesn’t care about those things, why should we? The fact he forgets his problems by chasing his fantasies may be incredibly realistic, but it doesn’t make great drama.

There’s also something self-congratulatory in that Davies interview. Like the murder was something he’d crowbarred into the story as a challenge to himself. The episode was full of powerful moments, but very little tied in to the story as a whole (a lot of it was in flashback). The episode felt stand-alone, added-on.

So… Lance has been murdered and the person Henry shared years of his life with has been cruelly taken away. Man, shit is gonna get real now, right?! How will Henry cope? Will he go off the rails? Will he have a breakdown?

In episode 7 the answer is… No. There’s a funeral, he cries, he fights about money with Lance’s sister, and then he trawls the streets of Manchester looking for a man he’s briefly seen on Grindr. This is a neat reflection of Henry’s character (what does he do when someone gets too close for comfort? He runs away and looks for someone else), but it’s also frustrating because it denies us what we want to see within the context of the story. We want to see the fall-out, we don’t want to see his coping strategy, because we’ve already seen that. We want the breaking point. We don’t even see Lance’s murderer again in the series. Characters just talk about what a bastard he is instead.

The final thing I’ll mention briefly is the dialogue. ‘Clever’ dialogue. My friend put it perfectly when she said ‘you can really see the script’. Nobody talks like that in real life, and TV is supposed to be naturalistic. If Cucumber had been a play the amount of dialogue, the use of extended monologues etc would have worked. But not on the telly. Not for me, anyway. And a lot of emotional impact was lost through the constant zup zup soundtrack running underneath the action, presumably a shortcut to make the show feel contemporary and fresh.

Ultimately I feel that Cucumber had great intentions, but the idea was poorly executed. It felt more like a series of observations about the gay world than a commentary on what life is currently about for middle-aged gay men. There were moments of clarity, but little to love. Perhaps the script editors were afraid to give too much feedback to an established writer, but we’ll never know. A wasted opportunity.

Five Act Structure

I’ve been reading John Yorke’s book ‘Into the Woods: How Stories Work and Why We Tell Them’. I’ve read a few screenwriting books before, but I’m enjoying this more than any of them. Not only is it engaging and full of examples that I actually have seen, but he does a great job of pulling together many different theories, looking for connections and baking everything together in one delicious story-flavoured cake.

One thing he talks about is how well-told stories tend to fit into a classical five-act structure, and how each act has a unique part to play in forming a cohesive whole.

To be brutally honest I’ve found structure really hard to get a grip of in my own writing, and plotting has often felt like, well, almost like guesswork to me, so it finally feels great to start understanding properly how beats, scenes and acts fit together within the story as a whole. The acts (as I understand them) are as follows:

Act 1 Our protagonist (let’s call her Jane) is made aware of a life outside her own experiences. Something will happen that will force her to make a decision. This ‘something’ forms the ‘what happens’ in the story, and is a foreshadow of the final climax (Luke Skywalker is a timid farm boy who is shown a message by R2-D2 from Princess Leia. His curiosity is awakened)

Act 2 Jane has doubts about this new world, before coming to acceptance. The first ‘something’ is not enough to shake her. She prevaricates because of her flaw (whatever it is). She needs a further push to change her, and she takes her first steps on the journey. (Luke at first is compliant when his uncle tells him to get R2’s memory erased, but R2 forces him to act when he escapes to find Obi-Wan. Leia’s message is revealed and Obi-Wan tries to convince Luke to join him on his quest. Only when Luke’s aunt and uncle are brutally murdered is Luke motivated to take real action)

Act 3 Jane experiments with her new knowledge. A key action defines a shift in her character – she will never be the same again from this point. She starts to experiment with her newfound knowledge. It is at the Midpoint that we uncover the key shift in a character – the one which changes them completely… Eg. Hamlet proving Claudius’s guilt; Macbeth having Banquo slaughtered (Luke and Obi-Wan look for a spaceship that will take them to Alderaan. At the Midpoint two things happen: Luke starts to train in the ways of the Force, and Alderaan is destroyed by the Death Star. From here they are captured by the Death Star, where Luke faces the critical decision whether to rescue the Princess or to run away. He chooses to save her, and in their escape almost gets them all killed [in the garbage disposal of all places])

Act 4 Pressures mount on Jane and she feels out of her depth as her doubt creeps in once more. It looks like everything might fail for her. ‘Death clouds everything’ in this act, as the biggest test faces the protagonist and all hope may be lost (In Star Wars the Empire bears down on the gang, and they start to fight among themselves. As they flee back to the ship, Luke sees Darth Vader kill Obi-Wan, killing Luke’s mentor and his hope in one fell schwannnng)

Act 5 Jane has a concrete objective – to defeat the antagonist and become a better person in the process. The ‘what happens’ of the fifth act is parallel to that in Act 1 (Luke becomes a key player in using the plans that were inside R2 against the Death Star. During the final showdown Luke learns the importance of the Force, and gains full knowledge in the faith as he destroys the Empire’s Death Star… cue funky choppy ceremonial music and general merriment)

One message I get from Yorke’s book is not to get too bogged down with trying to force stories into a five act structure – some stories have more. For the next few films I look at I’ll probably try to fit them into five acts to see if fit this paradigm.

Plus I’m only half-way through the book, so I might learn more and this post may become redundant. I’ll keep you posted!

Birdman (or The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)

You’re no actor, you’re a celebrity… I beg to differ

What happens when mainstream stars try to fly their oppressive nests? The world takes aim and pulls the trigger. Alejandro González Iñárritu directs a bonkers insight into the mind of a former action hero desperately grasping for recognition, as he puts on a piece of legitimate theatre.

Michael Keaton plays Riggan (the actor formally playing Birdman), and it’s a genius bit of casting. He brilliantly walks the line between perception and reality, and keeps us guessing right into the final act as to his true state of mind. For the most part the film is shot as one ‘continuous’ shot (ie. it looks continuous, even though the reality must be very different). As such there are very few obvious screen breaks. As a result there are no ‘funny’ or ‘dramatic’ set pieces, but they all blend into one, and Keaton injects humour into the character even during his darkest moments.

In fact, the entire cast are great and give brilliant performances,thanks in no small part to the screenplay, which gives all of the characters space to breathe and comes up with some great internal conflicts for them to deal with. Sylvia (played by Amy Ryan) and Sam (Emma Stone) are Riggan’s ex-wife and daughter, who love and support Riggan; two strong women who try desperately to forgive and yet can’t quite forget the hurt of his betrayals. Edward Norton plays Mike, an acclaimed actor who could easily be written simply as the embodiment of everything Riggan lacks,  but he is given his own demons to wrestle – he only feels alive on stage; in life he is as lost and clueless as the rest of the characters.

Structure:

***SPOILERS***

Act 1… Riggan, a former superhero movie star, is attempting to re-ignite his career by writing, directing and starring in his first legitimate play on Broadway. He is proud of his work, and it means a lot to him – to the extent where he is happy when the play’s least talented actor is suddenly struck on the head by a stage light (possibly because of Riggan’s superpowers). (TURNING POINT)

Act 2(i)… The actor’s replacement comes in the form of acting veteran Mike, who can deliver the goods on stage, but isbirdman2 somewhat unhinged in real life. And he’s so expensive that Riggan refinances his house to pay for him – (ESCALATION). The first previews begin disastrously, and to make matters worse, Mike appears to be stealing the press’s attention from Riggan. On the eve of the final preview, Riggan discovers his daughter Sam has been taking marajuana, she loses patience with her dad and unleashes a torrent of home truths in his direction. He is nothing. He is irrelevant. He finally realises the truth of how he is perceived (POINT OF NO RETURN)

Act 2(ii)… During the final preview, the pressure is getting too much for Riggan. Seeing his daughter flirting with Mike, he loses his focus on the play and goes outside for a cigarette, unwittingly locking himself outside the theatre in his underwear. He is forced to walk through Times Square in his underwear as people film him on their smart phones, managing to get back into the auditorium just in time for his final entrance. The final disastrous preview finished, Riggan decides to get drunk. He winds up in a bar with the theatre critic of the New York Times (Tabitha, played by Lindsay Duncan). Their fiery confrontation is a wonderful bit of dialogue. The tension ramps up quickly but believably, and each character makes valid arguments about why the other is pathetic. It’s at this point that Riggan comes face-to-face with his own demons. Tabitha is the personification of the crippling self-doubt he has been hearing internally throughout the film. He finally confronts it head on (interestingly, it’s the one time he smashes something by picking it up with his hands instead of using his telekinetic powers, arguably suggesting that he is ready to take control of his own actions). She promises to trash the play regardless of how good it is. Riggan gets obscenely drunk and passes out in the street. (TURNING POINT)

Act 3… When he wakes he knows what he needs to do and goes to the top of a building, where people think he is about to jump (which he eventually does). He has a monologue at this point, where he has one final fling with his past, celebrating his achievements as Birdman before walking into the theatre for the first performance. As he prepares, Riggan is oddly calm. He makes amends (on some level) with his ex-wife, before picking up a loaded gun from his shelf instead of a prop one. We know this is a deliberate act, because he checks the cartridge. On the stage, everything comes together. And in the final climax, he lifts the gun and fires… The final sequence is in the hospital. It turns out Riggan is not dead – he just shot the nose off of his face. He received great publicity, and an excellent review. Things are looking good for him. His face covered in bandages, he symbolically peels off the mask to reveal his new, reconstructed face. He has a final exchange with Birdman before throwing himself out of the window. Sam enters, worried that he is not there, looks worriedly out of the window – downwards… then upwards, and smiles at what we imagine is her dad, flying once again.

birdman3Pros

  • Well-rounded, three dimensional characters. Every one had a reason for their actions, and all were partly to blame for their own problems in their lives.
  • Riggan’s main antagonist was his own crippling self-doubt, embodied in his Birdman hallucinations. Throughout we are never sure how far he will go to allay his demons, and this kept the dramatic tension high.
  • Riggan is an incredibly flawed character, selfish and egotistical. The character of Mike is used to good effect, and his own shows of egotism act as a counterpoint to Riggan’s, making both characters more likeable to us as a result
  • The dialogue was used to great effect, nothing was overstated and I felt a very real history behind the characters’ lives – partly thanks to the incredible acting on show.

Cons

  • Personally I didn’t really like the use of telekinetic superpowers. I get that it was another form of mask Riggan was using to hide his negative traits from himself (‘I didn’t throw that, Birdman did’ or whatever), but each time it happened it threw me out of the story somewhat
  • I wanted more Tabitha. She should totes get her own franchise.

Kingsman: The Secret Service

Manners maketh man. No mention of woman though.

Matthew Vaughn and Jane Goldman’s homage to Bond, John Steed and, er, My Fair Lady.

I really enjoyed Kingsman. It didn’t take itself seriously, but often when films do this there is also a laziness attached. There was very little that felt lazy about Kingsman (except for a few moments that were actually pretty unforgivable).

Kingsman: The Secret Service

The structure was solid with some nice playful turning points throughout, tension ramped up nicely, and there was some great play on character archetypes. Colin Firth was a genius bit of casting, playing up to his gentleman credentials and adding a bad boy streak. There’s a whole Darcy-turns-nasty sequence in a church that’s pretty awesome.

In the cinema I enjoyed every minute of it. It was fast, it was witty, it was stylish. On reflection though, some aspects of Kingsman have started to grate. There were elements that felt smug and condescending. Eggsy aside, the working class characters all felt very stereotypical, and were portrayed as mindless macho thugs, joyriders and people who have nothing better to do than queue for hours in the street to get a SIM card. Similarly, the female characters were also stereotyped and largely overlooked. Some depth to these characters would’ve made the script sparkle more and given it extra dimensions.

Structure:

***SPOILERS***
Act 1… ‘Eggsy’, a south London yoof, gets into an argument with vents his frustrations at the world by stealing a local gang leader’s car (we see the gang leader being a douche so we don’t really mind Eggsy committing an act of theft, plus Eggsy swerves to avoid a cat while driving erratically [literally saving the cat]). The short-lived joyride culminates in Eggsy ram-raiding a police car and Eggsy getting arrested. In prison, Eggsy refuses to tell cops who his joyrider mates are (he’s loyal), and when it looks like he’s going down he calls in a favour that a mysterious man offered him as a child. Said mystery man turns out to be Harry Hart (Colin Firth), who offers him the chance to compete for the chance to be in an elite, well-heeled spy organisation (TURNING POINT).

Act 2(i)… Eggsy competes with 11 other youngsters to become the next Kingsman. There are some good fish-out-of-water set pieces, and it’s obvious that the writers really enjoyed playing around with these sequences. Gradually the 11 are whittled down to just two, and despite his desire to follow in his father’s footsteps and become a spy, Eggsy’s humanity gets the better of him and he falls at the final hurdle, failing to become a Kingsman. Disappointed, he is sent back to his normal down-and-out life, but not before accidentally(?) stealing Harry’s boss’s car. Harry ensures the car is returned to him, before disappearing to a new mission in a church. Eggsy is left in Harry’s house to see how the mission plays out. It does not end well, and Harry Hart is shot in the face by eco-loving supervillain Valentine (Samuel L Jackson) (POINT OF NO RETURN).

Act 2(ii)… Having seen the whole episode, Eggsy is distraught and resolves to stop Valentine by any means necessary. He approaches the Kingsman leader, Arthur, but soon realises that Arthur is a traitor. After a confrontation, Eggsy teams up with the only two people he trusts – Merlin (Mark Strong) and Hermione Roxy (Sophie Cookson). Together they hatch a plan to bring down Valentine’s plans for a worldwide massacre, which involves them infiltrating a high-security mountain hideout, destroying an orbiting satellite to bring down a phone network, and killing Valentine and his springy sidekick Gazelle (she has a name! Until just now I’d been calling her ‘blade lady’). The first two objectives are relatively easily achieved, but when they bring down the phone network, they don’t realise that Valentine has a contingency plan. Soon it looks as though the plan will be a certain failure (CRISIS)

Act 3… Eggsy and Merlin (Roxy does nothing form here on out) manage to destroy ALL of Valentine’s henchmen, and a final showdown between Eggsy and Gazelle breaks out. Can he take her and Valentine out before all of humanity is destroyed? Well d’uh! And then basically they succeed and in a very piss-poor ending, Eggsy gets to have sex with a Swedish princess who’s trapped in one of Valentine’s prison cells. To say I found this ending disappointing is an understatement. Throughout the film the script played with and subverted classic spy tropes, and this was the perfect opportunity for one final zinger. Instead Eggsy turns into James Bond and gets the hot chick instead. Lazy, lazy, lazy. Oh well…

Pros
• Tension escalated naturally.kingsman
• Protagonist and antagonist were well matched (for every action there was a reaction that cranked up tension)
• The characters’ actions came from their personalities, and had real consequences (Eggsy isn’t violent, so Eggsy doesn’t shoot his dog, so Eggsy fails the Kingsman test)
• Heroes die early on. Because of this the audience is more invested in the peril. They are shown that every character is at risk, making the journey more thrilling for them.

Cons
• Female characters were weak. Eggsy’s mum was a victim in every sense, in an abusive relationship and scared. Although she is a minor character, it would have been good to see her journey too. At the end of the film she is given the option to leave. It would’ve been nice to see her grow a pair and stand up to the thugs alongside her son, rather than be liberated from them by him.
• Likewise, despite being the person most suited for the main Kingsman job, Roxy depends on Eggsy physically and emotionally. And she is kept out of the fighting at the end of the film, left instead to hover terrified on the outskirts of space while the real fight goes on down below. A bad-ass final showdown between Eggsy, Roxy and Gazelle would’ve been more thrilling.

Hello.

I’m going to tell you about stories. Not mine, other people’s. I don’t know what gives me the right to do this, but I’ve always been fascinated with stories. I sometimes even try to write my own, but I don’t think I’m ready to talk to you about that just yet.

This blog will look at some of the stories I’ve encountered recently, mainly from films, TV or the theatre, because that’s what I am most passionate about. I may also use this blog to analyse, comment on or generally whine about the state of my own writing, or lack of it. I’ve written a few scripts and I’ve been on a couple of scriptwriting courses, but I’m still far from where I want to be. The one thing I’ve learned is that writing isn’t the easy, flowing process that Jessica Fletcher gives us. It’s jarring and clunky and full of self-doubt and second-guessing and I hate it. But I also want to do it.

Nothing in these posts are aimed to be measured reviews, so on occasion I may seem unbalanced or may only focus on certain aspects that interest me. Likewise any insight I give might go wildly against the grain with some people, but that’s because I’m a beginner. Hopefully as I learn more, my insights will become more useful, or something.